9/23/2023 0 Comments Symptoms of insomnia visual aid![]() In the preliminary survey, we provided 61 affiliated organizations with study information through the JFB and asked for their cooperation. Prior to the present study, the aforementioned preliminary questionnaire survey of sleep-related problems in visually impaired individuals was administered between October 2013 and November 2013. The organization provides employment support, audio and Braille libraries, social and medical information, and various support services to visually impaired individuals in Japan. The JFB is a nationwide organization consisting of 61 affiliated organizations that include approximately 50,000 blind or visually impaired members. The study was performed in cooperation with a non-profit organization, the Japan Federation of the Blind (JFB). The study consisted of telephone surveys carried out between October 2014 and January 2015. The aims of the present study were to estimate the prevalence of CRSWD and insomnia, and explore factors associated with CRSWD and insomnia among visually impaired Japanese individuals. Therefore, an absence of these non-photic zeitgebers may be associated with the development of CRSWD and insomnia. Meanwhile, it has been noted that the visually-impaired individuals without CRSWD are entrained to the 24-h social day via non-photic time cues, including strict scheduling of activities, exercise, mealtimes, and social interaction. So far, no studies have described the factors associated with these sleep disorders other than clinical information of visual impairment, such as onset, cause, or status. The occurrence of CRSWD and insomnia are intimately associated with visual loss or inhibited LP. Thus, the actual prevalence of CRSWD and insomnia among the visually impaired Japanese population remains unclear. Consistent with these reports, sleep-related problems were frequently observed among visually impaired Japanese individuals in our preliminary survey who were identified through a single questionnaire however, no relevant studies assessing detailed information about the sleep patterns, including bedtime and wake-time, or total sleep time, of visually impaired individuals have been performed in Japan. Several epidemiological studies performed in the United States, Europe, and New Zealand have reported that the prevalence of CRSWD ranges from 18 to 39%, while that of insomnia ranges from 54 to 86% in visually impaired individuals without LP. In visually impaired individuals without LP, circadian rhythm-related problems are associated with their lowered mental/physical quality of life. It has also been reported that the prevalence of these disorders is higher in visually impaired individuals without light perception (LP) than in those with LP. The presence of CRSWD among the visually impaired individuals was associated with a lack of light perception and/or social zeitgebers.Ĭircadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWD) and insomnia are frequently observed in visually impaired individuals (13–63% and 43–96%, respectively). ConclusionsĬRSWD and insomnia were highly prevalent in visually impaired Japanese individuals. In the visually impaired individuals, the absence of light perception, unemployment, living alone, and use of hypnotics were significantly associated with CRSWD, whereas only the use of hypnotics was extracted as a marginally associated factor of insomnia. ![]() Furthermore, 28.7% of the visually impaired individuals were found to have insomnia. ![]() Among those with CRSWD, a non-24-h/irregular sleep-wake rhythm type was the most frequently observed (26.8%), followed by an advanced sleep-wake phase type and a delayed sleep-wake phase type (3.8 and 2.5%, respectively). The prevalence of CRSWD in visually impaired individuals was 33.1%. CRSWD and insomnia were defined according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition criteria. Demographic information and information about visual impairments, lifestyle, and sleep patterns were assessed using questionnaires and subsequent telephone interviews. In total, 157 visually impaired individuals were eligible for this study. MethodsĪ nationwide telephone survey was conducted among visually-impaired individuals through local branches of the Japan Federation of the Blind. The aim of this cross-sectional, telephone-based study was to estimate the prevalence of CRSWD and insomnia, and explore factors associated with CRSWD and insomnia among visually impaired Japanese individuals. Although earlier studies have demonstrated that circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWD) are more prevalent in visually impaired individuals, the actual prevalence of CRSWD and insomnia among the visually impaired Japanese population remains unclear. ![]()
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